@article {howland_how_2009,
	title = {How Scholarly Is Google Scholar? A Comparison to Library Databases},
	journal = {College \& Research Libraries},
	volume = {70},
	number = {3},
	year = {2009},
	note = {00035},
	pages = {227{\textendash}234},
	abstract = {Howland, Wright, Boughan, and Roberts conduct a comparative study of resource results from Google Scholar and proprietary library databases. The object of their research is to address some of the central critiques and queries of Google Scholar: Are Google Scholar result sets more or less scholarly than licensed library database result sets?; Does the scholarliness of Google Scholar vary across disciplines?; and Is comprehensiveness of content the primary indicator of a resource{\textquoteright}s usefulness? Howland, Wright, Boughan, and Roberts position their work against other studies by arguing that they are much more interested in evaluating the results than measuring the database. The authors developed a modified Kapoun collection-assessment rubric as the backbone of their research. The study{\textquoteright}s results demonstrated that, on average, that resources found on Google Scholar have higher average scholarliness ratings than those on the library database alone. Additionally, there wasn{\textquoteright}t a statistically significant difference in the results among disciplines. As way of conclusion, Howland, Wright, Boughan, and Roberts suggest several avenues for further studies. 
},
	issn = {0010-0870, 2150-6701},
	doi = {10.5860/crl.70.3.227},
	url = {http://crl.acrl.org/content/70/3/227},
	author = {Howland, Jared L. and Wright, Thomas C. and Boughan, Rebecca A. and Roberts, Brian C.}
}